US CuraTox-FS is a distinct nature of multi-mycotoxin binder/adsorbent developed for the usage in poultry, livestock and aquaculture feeds. It ensures maximum protection for the feed and the animals from different kind of mycotoxins like Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, Citrinin, Zearalenone, Trichothecenes, Fumonisin etc.,
US CuraTox-FS is unique in its composition, nature of exhibiting its role in feed and gut of animals and in the economical perspective i.e. return on investment than any other mycotoxin adsorbents.
The composition of US CuraTox-FS is carefully considered, based on the recent findings on presence of various mycotoxins in poultry, livestock and aquaculturefeed ingredients which may arise from agricultural field,ingredient storage through animal shed. In recent days the amount and types of various mycotoxins keep increasing with their deleterious effects on food producing animals. The presence of different mycotoxins (Multi-mycotoxins) at various levels might be due to the steep changes in production capacity of various crops i.e. high production with shorter generation period, ever fluctuating climatic factors throughout the ingredient life cycle, handling and storage conditions at different places etc.
US CuraTox-FS is a unique blend of
- Multiple Chemisorbents
- XMB Factors
- Mould Inhibitors
- Lipotropic Factors
Chemisorbents in US CuraTox-FS
Synergistic combination of four adsorbents i.e. Chemisorbents {Mixed Silicates (Phylosilicates and Tectosilicates), PVPP, MOS and Activated Charcoal} from USCuraTox-FS actively eliminates all major mycotoxins like Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, Citrinin, Zearalenone, Trichothecenes, Fumonisin etc., as well as Chemical toxins and Bacterial Endotoxins.
Proprieties of Individual Ingredients in US CuraTox-FS:
1. Mixture of Silicates:
1. Mixture of Silicates:
US CuraTox-FS contains mixture of Phyllosilicates and Tectosilicates. The silicates have high surface area for efficient adsorption of toxins. The silicates have been heat-treated to nullify water holding capacity and also avoid nutrient disturbance. The silicates possess optimal CEC and higher adsorption capacity for polar toxins like Aflatoxin and Fumonisin
Cationic exchange capacity (CEC): The silicates in US CuraTox-FS have the CEC of 39.89 MEQ. It helps the silicates to be non-expandable and non-nutritive binding.
Temperature: The silicates in US CuraTox-FS are dried at temperatures of 200 to 3000C, which can make the product more active with better cationic interchange and non-expandable.
pH: The silicates in US CuraTox-FS have the pH pf 7.5-8.0, which can be active from the upper GI tract.
Particle Size: Silicates in US CuraTox-FS have the finer particle size (300-400 mesh); help give better dispersion throughout the final mix for mycotoxin adsorption.
Pore Size and Surface Area: The pore size of silicates is in the range of 2.5 Aº. It makes the silicates to have more binding sites available to adsorb mycotoxins.
2. Cross linked insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymer (PVPP):
CL-PVPP is a non-nutritive adsorbent. PVPP is well known to form complexes with a wide variety of substances mainly through the mechanism of hydrogen bonding. These complexes are very stable in common solvents like water, alcohols etc. which means that bound toxins can be excreted with the faeces safely from the animal body.
PVPP is a non-nutritive adsorbent and generally expandable in nature when added with silicates. It is called as “ SWELLING POLYMER ”. After entering into the intestinal environment its surface is increased by 3-5 folds.
3. Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS):
Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) is an esterified glucomannan (EGM) derived from the modified yeast cell wall extract of a selected yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a low inclusion, nutritional, mycotoxin binder.
Mannanoligosaccharides exhibits a high degree of antigenicity mainly due to its mannan and glucan components. There are several advantages in using glucomannans as they have no negative nutrient binding effect and can be used at low inclusion rates to bind a wide range of mycotoxins.
4. Activated Charcoal:
Activated Charcoal is a broad-spectrum adsorber and they usually adsorb a variety of molecules at the same time. The two principal physical properties of activated carbons, upon which their properties depend on that are surface area and pore structure. Activated Charcoal is an established adsorbent of bacterial endotoxins, putrefactive toxins, Chlorinated hydrocarbon and organophosphate insecticides, synthetic herbicides and fungicides, synthetic drug overdoses,alkaloids and mycotoxins. Activated Charcoal was found to reduce ochratoxin absorption and is efficacious in preventing T2 toxicosis.
Activated Charcoal used in US CuraTox-FS has properties of high adsorption, low contents of ash, iron, acid soluble, water soluble, and heavy metals making it suitable for high rate of mycotoxin adsorption.
Activated Charcoal in US CuraTox-FS is having 800-1000 square meter surface area per gram. And, methylene blue binding capacity of 180mg/g. (Generally it should be 110-280 mg/g)
Adsorbed Toxins/Compounds through Adsorbents/Chemisorbents:
- Polar mycotoxins such as Aflatoxin.
- Non polar / Dipolar mycotoxins such as Zearalenone, DON, T-2, Ochratoxin etc.
- Fusarium group of toxins such as Fumonisin and Trichotheceneetc
Trichothecene toxins such as Type A trichothecenes e.g. T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and type B trichothecenes (e.g. deoxynevalenol, nevalenol, 3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol).
Bacterial endotoxins and chemical toxins like pesticide residues.
5. XMB Factors (Xenobiotic Metabolic Bio-accelerators):
Xenobiotic Metabolism: Xenobiotic metabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as drugs and poisons. Examples for xenobiotic metabolism are metabolic actions of Carboxypeptidase, Glutathione transferase, Glutathione Hydrolase, Cytochrome P450, etc.
Xenobiotic Metabolic Bio-accelerators (XMB): XMB Factors are the biological substances which are added to the diet or provided to the bird or animal or living being to enhance the physiological process i.e. xenobiotic metabolism. The enzymatic biochemical changes undergone by a toxin in the body usually result in the attenuation or loss of toxicological activity. The process detoxification describes the result of such metabolic changes.
The main organ concerned with drug metabolism is the liver and kidney and to a certain extend by small intestine, colon, lung and nervous tissues. In case of livestock and poultry, of special concern are the catalytic activities developed by ruminal or intestinal microflora, since mycotoxins enter the organism by the oral route, as do all food or feed contaminants.
The Biologically active substance in US CuraTox-FS enhances the process of; Epoxidation, Hydroxylation, Demethylation, Carboxylation, Glucoacylation and Glucuronidation.
6. Mould Inhibitors:
US CuraTox-FS contains salts of Propionic, Acetic, 2, 4 - Hexadienoic acid, Benzene Carboxylic acid and Isobutyric acid as mould inhibitors. It can arrest the growth of fungus, bacteria and spores effectively than any other mould inhibitors, because of its multiple and synergistic action.
Propionic acid acts as the main anti-mould agent and it is able to kill vegetative growth (mycelium). Salt of Propionic Acid is added to ensure that there is propionate in the feed throughout its storage period, as this will prevent spore germination and outgrowth.
Acetic acid acts as a hydrogen donor in US CuraTox-FS to enhance the absorption of calcium and sodium salts, added to layer and breeder feeds to ensure good eggshell quality, from neutralizing the propionic acid.
Hexadienoic Acid is a dry powder that is very effective against yeasts and some of the bacterial spore formers found in feeds.
Benzene Carboxylic acid possesses antibacterial and antifungal properties and has a long history of use as an antifungal.
Isobutyric Acid also possesses antibacterial and antifungal properties and has a history of use as an antifungal.
7. Lipotropic Factors:
US CuraTox-FS contains lipotropic factors, which mobilizes the fat accumulated in the liver, and protects the liver against the damage in birds.
Usage:
US CuraTox-FS is advocated to be applied at the following rates:
US CuraTox-FS: 500 gm per tonne of feed for regular prevention purpose. The dose can be increased from 1.0 to 1.5 Kg depending on the severity of contamination in the feed.